Tag Archives: Preschool

Understanding Montessori Math

by Arati Joshi, Early Childhood Head Teacher

“Children display a universal love of mathematics,
which is par excellence the science of precision, order, and intelligence.”
~ Maria Montessori

Dr. Maria Montessori, the founder of the Montessori Method of Education, believed that a child is born with a “mathematical mind”. From birth, children grow up surrounded by numbers and various mathematical concepts, such as classifying, comparing, sorting, ordering, and patterning. The Montessori approach recognizes this and builds upon the natural development by providing structured, hands-on activities that enhance early learning experiences.

Sensorial Exercises: Opening the Door to Mathematical Thinking
The Mathematics and Sensorial Areas of a Montessori Prepared Environment are deeply interconnected and complement each other. Sensorial materials prepare children to work in Math because of their innate sequence, order, and progression. For example, the Pink Tower, Brown Stair, Red Rods, and Knobbed Cylinders allow children to compare and order objects bases on size and dimension. The Sensorial materials indirectly empower children to physically manipulate objects and develop an intuitive sense of quantity and an understanding of the “base-ten” system.

Numeration 1 to 10
The introduction of quantity and numeration from 1 to 10 begins when the child is introduced to concrete, hands-on materials such as the Red and Blue Number Rods, Sandpaper Numbers, and Spindle Box(es). As children get to hold the quantities in their hands and trace the numbers on Sandpaper Numbers, the definite concept is committed to memory. Through multi-sensory experiences, children build confidence in their ability to understand and work with numbers, setting the stage for further mathematical learning and exploration.

Decimal System
A strong understanding of numbers from 0 to 10 lays a solid foundation for learning place values of the Decimal System. Children learn that 0 can give a greater value to a number, and they also learn the names of different categories of the Decimal System (i.e., Units, Tens, Hundreds, Thousands).

Through hands-on exploration and working with the Golden Bead Material and the Ten and Teen Boards, children gain a deep understanding of how the number system works, from units to thousands and beyond.

Group Operations
In Montessori Early Childhood classrooms, children typically begin their exploration of group operations after they have built a strong foundation in numeracy and place value. These operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The Montessori Golden Bead Material provides the children a concrete representation and a strong conceptual understanding of arithmetic operations before transitioning them to more abstract representations. By emphasizing exploration, discovery, and manipulation, the Montessori group operation activities foster a love for learning and empower children from a young age to become confident and capable mathematicians.

Bead Chains
The Short and Long Bead Chains used in Montessori classrooms introduce children to linear counting and skip counting. Children use these chains to practice skip counting by twos, threes, and so on, up to tens. This strengthens their number sense and prepares them for later activities in multiplication, squaring, and cubing.

Concrete to Abstract
Maria Montessori believed that “what the hand does, the mind remembers”. The Montessori Method recognizes that young children learn best when directly engaging with concrete material to make concepts real and easily internalized. Keeping that in mind, much of the Montessori curriculum is based on giving children exposure to concrete materials first, and then giving them incremental opportunities to work on more abstract concepts. As the child gains mastery over a material used, he or she is able to work independently.

A Lifelong Love for Math
The Montessori Method is renowned for its holistic approach to education and goes beyond teaching skills. This approach is particularly effective in the realm of mathematics, as it instills a lifelong love for the subject. By creating a positive and engaging experience through hands-on learning, children develop a deep appreciation for the beauty and relevance of mathematics that will stay with them throughout their lives!

Language Development: The Montessori Method and the Absorbent Mind

by Fiorella Benson, Early Childhood Head Teacher
(edited by Tori Inkley)

“So, the child, it is clear, does not inherit a pre-established model for his language, but he inherits the power of constructing a language by an unconscious activity of absorption.”
~ Dr. Maria Montessori (The Absorbent Mind)

Maria Montessori explained that human beings are born with a special mechanism that allows them to learn a language by interacting with people around them and from experiences within their environment. She believed that this period spans from birth to the age of six; a period during which children have an “absorbent mind”. Montessori observed that during the first three years, children follow a pre-determined plan in a process that is primarily unconscious, allowing them to absorb the structure of language and express themselves in sentences with the right syntax. The results of this first phase become evident during the period of the conscious mind between the ages of three and six, when children develop a sense of awareness, explore their environment through independent purposeful movement, and continue their development of language in reading and writing.

The Montessori Method in the Language Area takes into consideration this “sensitive period” of language when a child has an absorbent mind and highlights the importance of creating an adequately prepared environment to help the child’s individual ability to construct his or her own knowledge through work. The Language Area in the Montessori classroom combines the progression of a series of steps with appropriate materials to help the child develop language.

Children work with the Sequencing Materials first, as this helps to develop self-expression, communication, and classification. Sandpaper Letters follow, as they help the child explore the physical construction of the sound, as well as its phonetic importance. Children are introduced to sounds using the Three Period Lesson: “This is…”, “Show me…”, and “What is…”. They use their first and middle fingers to trace the letters while repeating the sounds they make. This activity prepares the child to write when she or he can hold a pencil properly, and it also helps the child to visualize the similarities and differences between the letters and to memorize sounds, which is another crucial step in reading. Following a multi-sensory approach, the child will then trace the letters on a chalkboard before progressively writing between two lines on paper using a pencil.

“Touching the letters and looking at them at the same time, fixes the image more quickly through the co-operation of the senses. Later, the two facts separate; looking becomes reading; touching becomes writing.” ~ Maria Montessori (The Montessori Method)

During this time, writing is also introduced so that the child develops an association between words that are being read and words that are written. One of the first steps is to strengthen the hand muscles and to familiarize children with the precision of movement used in writing by working with the Metal Insets. The child traces a pink metal frame with a colored pencil, and later, traces parallel lines from left to right.

The materials and activities in the Practical Life area improve hand-eye coordination and require the children to work from left to right and top to bottom, as they will do when writing and reading. Materials in the Sensorial area, such as the Touch Boards, the Touch Tablets, and the Knobbed Cylinders, help the child when preparing to work with the Sandpaper Letters and indirectly with handwriting.

On the road to reading, Montessori students work with the Large Movable Alphabet. They first receive lessons on building three-letter phonetic words using objects and picture cards, followed by building four-letter (or more) words using objects and pictures. Once this is mastered, the child will continue through the phonetic series of reading materials. From there, children progressively move on to more complex, non-phonetic words using the Small Movable Alphabet. Here, they learn consonant blends and phonograms and make booklets using both.

Teaching grammar is also part of the Montessori Method. Grammar exercises in the Montessori classroom that focus on Parts of Speech use different symbols and colors to represent nouns, adjectives, articles, verbs, and adverbs. Through various materials and activities that utilize cards and objects, children learn the function of the Parts of Speech and the correct order in which to place them in a sentence.

***Montessori Phonetic Farm – Nouns and Adjectives***

As with writing, the Montessori Method not only utilizes Montessori materials to help children learn how to read, but also exposes them to other meaningful experiences where reading is involved, such as listening to stories being read aloud that range from fiction to nonfiction to poetry and so on. These experiences allow the children to discover that language is a way to communicate ideas, understand the world around them, and be part of a community. This directly corresponds with Maria Montessori’s concept of Cosmic Education and assists children in developing a sense of gratitude for the Universe and their role within it. Children, unsuspectingly, discover that language is simply a foundational step on their individual educational journeys.

The Montessori Children’s Academy Celebrates Montessori Education Week 2024

by Camilla Nichols, Senior Director of Montessori Development
and Tori Inkley, Executive Director

During the week of February 25 – March 2, 2024, several hundred students at The Montessori Children’s Academy (MCA), along with Montessori students from around the world, will celebrate Montessori Education Week! Montessori Education Week is an annual event that is celebrated around the world in honor of Dr. Maria Montessori and the legacy that she left behind. In 2007, the year Maria Montessori would have turned 100 years old, some of our MCA students celebrated with a cake that had 100 golden icing dots, representing the Golden Unit Beads from the Golden Bead Material. Students work with this actual material in the Math area when they are introduced to the Decimal System. In past years, parents and students have written about their most memorable Montessori experiences, which MCA has displayed in the hallways of our school. [A few are included at the end of this blog post.] And one year, our Elementary students even created a replica of the Montessori Pink Tower using the school’s 3D printer. Other highlights from past Montessori Education Weeks have included proclamations and/or visits by the Mayor of Morristown and the Deputy Mayor of Millburn, and one year, MCA was even recognized by the New Jersey Governor for the valuable role Montessori schools play in providing education to young people.

This year, one of the ways the children at the three MCA campuses (Chatham, Florham Park, and Short Hills) will commemorate this special week is by demonstrating Montessori Practical Life exercises to parents and visitors during school drop-off and pick-up. The children will also sing Montessori songs, study Italy, review the timeline of Dr. Maria Montessori’s life and work, and practice the Silence Game while thinking of peaceful things, much like Dr. Montessori did. Also, during the 2024 Montessori Education Week, current parents are invited to spend time observing their children working in the classrooms and noticing the pride they exhibit while demonstrating their growing independence in the Prepared Montessori Environment. This year, the grand finale of our Montessori Education Week celebration will be a pizza party, with pizza being supplied for all staff and students by Nonna’s Italian Restaurant in Florham Park.

In addition to the special “in-house” activities, each year, MCA students create artwork or other items that represent some of their favorite Montessori materials or work. These beautiful pieces are showcased in displays titled, “I Am a Montessori Child, and I Can Change the World” at the public libraries in Chatham, Florham Park, Livingston, and Millburn. During this week, posters and banners with decorate the local areas around and inside our schools, so that children, parents, and our local communities will observe that “Maria Montessori is all over town!”

Lastly, for the first time in our 25 year history, MCA has established an international relationship with a Montessori school in Malmö, Sweden. Our students are learning that children all around the world use the same types of Montessori materials as they do right here in their classrooms in New Jersey. During Montessori Education Week, the students in Sweden will sing “Light a Candle for Peace”, along with our MCA students, and students from both countries have been engaged in an “exchange program”. Across our three campuses, our students created items representing the United States that have now been shared with their Swedish counterparts, and the students from Sweden created items representing their country that are being shared with MCA students during this special week. MCA is thrilled with our newly established, international collaboration and is excited to offer our students the opportunity to gain a global awareness and broaden their horizons at such a young age.

The Montessori Children’s Academy is proud to be making a positive difference within our immediate communities, within our state, and around the world. We are grateful to everyone involved in celebrating this special week with us. No doubt we will all have memories that will last forever.

Some “Most Memorable Montessori Experiences” from MCA Alumni Parents:
“Our three-year-old son suddenly took control of his Daddy’s birthday celebration. Placing his flashlight on the floor and a world globe in his Father’s hands, he then proceeded to walk his Dad around the light singing, “The Earth goes around the Sun, the Earth goes around the Sun and daddy turns one… and so on, until through our tears of joy (having never seen the Birthday Walk before), we had to suggest he might not want to go all the way to thirty-something! We plan to adopt the Birthday Walk for all our family birthdays from now on. Thank you, Montessori! Every day is truly a memorable Montessori experience for him and for our family.”

“For a recent playdate, our friends brought a giant-sized bag of baby carrots to share. While the other kids ran off to play, Erin immediately asked to do some “cutting work” with the carrots. She carefully sliced about twenty carrots, and then she only ate from the bowl of carrots she cut herself.”

“Eddie remarked recently, “Mommy, I like learning in my class, it’s so peaceful there.” I answered, “Do you know what Peaceful means?” He replied, “Yes. It’s when we use our inside voice.”

“My most memorable Montessori experience with my daughter Alexandra was when I saw her interacting with my friend’s 1 ½-year-old daughter. Alexandra (5 years old) was gently and patiently explaining to the younger child how to open and close a container, as the girl listened intently. She was able to teach this new skill to the younger girl with patience and kindness, the same way that older students at MCA have taught her to do things.”

The MCA Parent Book Club

By Alex Chiu with Jacqueline Pisciotto and Imelda McShane

MCA is delighted to be hosting its 4th Annual Parent Book Club at two of our campuses this spring. This year’s featured book is Raising Resilient Children by Dr. Robert Brooks and Sam Goldstein. The book, selected by MCA’s Director of Montessori Development, Camilla Nichols-Uhler, provides parents with strategies to help their children prepare for the challenges of today’s world. Ms. Nichols-Uhler shared, “I selected it because Dr. Robert Brooks was a speaker at MCA several years ago. He made a very special impression and shared a lot of positive and insightful wisdom to our MCA families. His book is very practical, and I love the importance of focusing on a child’s strengths versus weaknesses.” The general consensus from the parents involved in the book club this year is that this is one of the best parenting books they have read to date.

The MCA Parent Book Club meets for one hour once a week for six weeks, and each week, one of MCA’s experienced Montessori Head Teachers facilitates the group discussion. The book club is an opportunity for parents to come together to share experiences, ask parenting questions, and discuss their concerns and hopes for their children. The teachers facilitating the meetings provide their professional insights into the conversations as well. Through this book club community, parents connect with others and build bridges between what happens at school and what happens at home. They learn new information not only from the selected books, but also from one another and the teacher leading the discussions. The teachers also help the group members grow in their understanding of how Montessori is connected to so many things and that it is not just an educational method, but a way of life.

Featured topics from this year’s book so far have included information for parents about how to:

• be empathetic
• communicate effectively and listen actively
• change “negative scripts”
• love children in ways that make them feel special and appreciated
• accept children for who they are
• help children to set realistic expectations and goals
• help children experience success and identity

Upcoming topics for the final book club meetings will include strategies to:

• help children realize that mistakes create learning opportunities
• develop responsibility, compassion, and a social conscience by providing children with opportunities to contribute
• teach children to solve problems and make decisions
• discipline in a way that promotes self-discipline and self-worth

The authors of Raising Resilient Children present real life scenarios and then recommend ways of dealing with them. Participants in the book club also share experiences and have engaged in some lively and insightful discussions during their book club meetings! As participants dig into the information provided in the book, they can consider how to apply techniques in their own family situations. Dr. Brooks even provides a self-assessment parents can take to find out if they are nurturing resilience in their children. You can find it online at: www.drrobertbrooks.com/0105.

The teachers who facilitate the meetings often find that conversations grow deeper as parents share their own parenting dilemmas. This affords the group an opportunity to brainstorm together and think about what strategies suggested in the book might help. It also allows the teacher to incorporate many Montessori approaches that are used on a daily basis at school to address certain behaviors or concerns. Parents do come to see that, not surprisingly, many of the topics presented in the book relate directly to the Montessori approach to education in so many ways. For example, a recent discussion that developed at one meeting was regarding the importance of family meals. The teacher could share classroom experiences of how the children set up their lunch spaces and eat together, enjoying not only the food in their lunch bags, but also the company of the others around the table. Parents sometimes forget that children gain skills by helping to prepare dinner, setting the table, and participating in dinner conversation. But children need modeling and guidance (and patience from parents!) as they learn these important Practical Life and social skills. The act of sharing a meal together provides a perfect opportunity for having children learn the art of conversation, taking turns with both talking and listening. And parents were reminded how being together around the dinner table is a great place for everyone (parents, too!) to practice these skills!

Our book club parents seem grateful to have an outlet for sharing parenting challenges. This community not only provides them with a place to release some of the pressures they feel in different parenting situations, but it also allows for new information to be learned and shared. The parents we see really do want to do their best by their children, and we hope that through the MCA Parent Book Club, they have yet one more resource to assist them on their parenting journey. After all, our children do not come with manuals, and many parents are looking for guidance. Fortunately, we can try to learn from one another’s experiences, glean information from some wonderful books shared by experts in their fields, such as Raising Resilient Children, and be inspired by the educational methodology set forth by Dr. Maria Montessori!

We hope to see more of our MCA parents join us for our MCA Parent Book Club next year!

Celebrating Montessori Education Week at MCA!

By Alex Chiu

A sampling of MCA student projects on display at local libraries for Montessori Education Week

We at The Montessori Children’s Academy celebrate Montessori education each and every day, but for one week out of the year, we join together with schools from around the world to take part in extra special celebrations during a designated Montessori Education Week. This international commemoration of the life and work of Dr. Maria Montessori provides us with additional time to reflect on what makes Montessori education so special and to acknowledge the amazing aspects of this educational philosophy, which we see play out daily in our schools. While Dr. Montessori may have humbly stated that “It is not true that I invented what is called the Montessori Method… I have studied the child; I have taken what the child has given me and expressed it, and that is what is called the Montessori Method”, we must respectfully add that her observations of children and the development of her Montessori materials and philosophy have indeed created a remarkable educational path for children to follow.

For example, we observe how the multi-age classrooms allow children to work and grow together across abilities, levels, and ages, just as family members of varying ages work and grow together at home. We witness the process of discovery, challenge, repetition, determination, and satisfaction as students work on and come to master a spectrum of skills using the unique Montessori materials. We revel in the caring and empathy we see develop within our students as they work together and participate in various charitable endeavors to help those who need help. We take pride in the continuous growth and ongoing successes we see in our students, families, and staff, as we all know that learning never stops, especially when learning is so joyful! As Dr. Montessori herself said, “One test of the correctness of educational procedure is the happiness of the child.” We see the joy in Montessori learning every day in our children’s eyes!

Our Montessori Education Week festivities this year included student presentations of Montessori materials, public library displays of student-created projects, individual classroom lessons on Dr. Montessori’s life and legacy, studies about Italy (Dr. Montessori’s home country and the birthplace of the Montessori Method), and extensions of peace activities, including our annual ‘lighting a candle for peace’ tradition. As our students engage in these experiences, they bolster both their intellectual and interpersonal skills. Students continuously build upon their prior learning, finding new nuances to each subject studied, gaining new strengths, and uncovering new ideas. “Development is a series of rebirths,” said Dr. Montessori, and we delight in watching our students evolve and advance personally and academically as they progress and make discoveries in their Montessori classrooms every day.

Although Montessori Education Week has come to a close, our celebration of Montessori continues on among our vibrant MCA community! We are proud to uphold the incredible traditions of Dr. Maria Montessori and welcome all to come learn more about her enduring philosophy and to see what makes our Montessori schools so special!

“An education capable of saving humanity is no small undertaking; it involves the spiritual development of man, the enhancement of his value as an individual, and the preparation of young people to understand the times in which they live.” ~Maria Montessori